What type of infection control practice involves hand sanitation before and after patient interaction?

The practice that involves hand sanitation before and after patient interaction falls under personal hygiene. This concept is crucial in infection control as it directly impacts the transmission of pathogens between healthcare providers and patients. Hand hygiene is one of the most effective measures to prevent the spread of infections, ensuring that healthcare providers minimize the risk of carrying microorganisms from one patient to another or from surfaces to patients.

By adhering to proper handwashing techniques using soap and water or alcohol-based sanitizers, dental professionals can effectively eliminate potential contaminants. This practice is foundational to maintaining a safe clinical environment, promoting both patient and provider safety.

While the other options—environmental cleaning, instrument sterilization, and surface disinfection—play vital roles in infection control, they pertain to different aspects of maintaining a sterile and safe healthcare environment. Personal hygiene focuses specifically on the individual actions of healthcare workers, making it a primary line of defense against infection transmission.