Which viral infection can be prevented through immunization?

Hepatitis B is a viral infection that can indeed be prevented through immunization. The Hepatitis B vaccine is a highly effective way to safeguard individuals against the hepatitis B virus, which can cause serious liver disease, including chronic hepatitis, liver cirrhosis, and liver cancer. The vaccine works by stimulating the immune system to produce antibodies against the virus, thereby providing protection if the person is later exposed to the virus.

Vaccination for Hepatitis B is typically given in a series of shots, and it is recommended for newborns, healthcare workers, and individuals at higher risk for the virus. Vaccination has played a significant role in reducing the incidence of hepatitis B infections and its related complications in populations that are vaccinated.

Other viral infections mentioned do not have preventive vaccines widely available or effective. For instance, while treatments exist for HIV and herpes simplex, there are no approved vaccines that can prevent these infections completely. Vaccination against influenza is available and important, but it is targeted at a different virus and is specific to seasonal strains rather than a long-term immunity like that provided for hepatitis B. Therefore, Hepatitis B stands out as a vaccine-preventable viral infection among the options listed.